From what I know about "energy drinks" that are heavily sugar based, which gives you that super pick up that lasts for however long. I'm not a doctor but can tell you that "quick pick ups" have negative side effects that may cause you problems later on in life. Maybe diabetes or liver damage, etc. I would suggest getting proper rest, eating more healthy, and exercising every day for about 30 minutes. You'll have plenty of natural energy with great side effects; look and feel better. MT
5-Hour Energy works in a couple of different ways. First, it contains caffeine. I can't find hard numbers but their web site claims it contains as much caffeine as a cup of "premium" coffee. I'm guess that puts it somewhere in the neighborhood of 100-150 mg.
5-Hour Energy also contains a LOT of B vitamins and those are nutrients that your body uses for energy. As an example, one shot contains 500 mcg of B12; the RDA for adults is around 2.5 mcg.
There's also some amino acids in there and those may also help with energy.
Do they work? I know people who swear by it and others who say they get nothing from it.